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Y2B4M8 - Digestive System & Metabolism-I
Expand a subject to review the topics and learning objectives retained from the official NUMS MBBS Year II source. Topic links will be added only in a later reviewed stage.
3Subjects
33Topics
0Linked
Anatomy10 listed topics
- KnowledgeLearning objectivesIdentify nine regions of abdominal cavity to locate the topographic arrangement of underlying abdominal organ.Explain the clinical importance of membranous layer of superficial fascia with anatomical reasoning.Describe the attachments, & nerve supply and actions of muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall.Describe the formation of rectus sheath at different levels of abdomen and enlist its contents.Describe the blood supply, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage of anterolateral abdominal wallDescribe various types of abdominal hernias Justify an inguinoscrotal swelling on the basis of anatomical knowledge of anterior abdominal wall Gross anatomy of Peritoneum Knowledge:Describe Peritoneum and its modificationsEnumerate intraperitoneal, extra- peritoneal & secondarily retroperitoneal organs.Define following with one example each:
- Recesses, Pouches, GuttersLearning objectivesExplain peritoneal infection, adhesions & anatomical basis of spread of pathological fluid in various peritoneal compartments along with their surgical approach Skills:Demonstrate the vertical and horizontal disposition of peritoneum on the model of abdomen and pelvis.Demonstrate the attachment of greater & lesser omentum in the given model.Demonstrate the differences in arrangement of peritoneum in males and females in the given model of pelvis
- Digestive System & Metabolism ILearning objectivesOutline the salient anatomical features of oral cavity and its contents
- involved in oralLearning objectivesDescribe abdominal esophagus regarding its relations, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainageDescribe the general plan of histological structure of GITDescribe the histological structure of EsophagusList derivatives of foregutDescribe the development of esophagusExplain the embryological basis of the trachea-esophageal fistula, esophageal atresia and hiatal herniaDescribe the gross anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of the stomachDemonstrate the position & gross features of stomach on the given model and identify the omenta attachedEnumerate the structures lying in stomach bedDescribe the development of stomach with special reference to its rotations and relocation of both vagiEnlist derivatives of ventral and dorsal mesentery of foregutExplain the formation of lesser sacExplain the histological structure of stomachDifferentiate between a gastric gland and pitEnumerate cells forming gastric glandsDescribe the structure and function of cells forming gastric glandsCompare the histological structure of cardia, fundus and pylorus of stomach
- significanceLearning objectivesDescribe the gross anatomical features of small intestineDescribe the histological structure of three parts of small intestineDifferentiate between three parts of small intestine on histological basisElaborate the adaptive structural modifications of small intestine for performing its functionsDescribe physiological herniation with emphasis upon rationale behind its occurrence and reductionCorrelate the rotation of midgut loop with definitive positioning of mid gut derivatives in abdomenDescribe the development of DudenumDescribe the histological, and gross anatomical features of large intestine and appendixDescribe the partitioning of cloaca and its consequencesDescribe the development of derivatives of anorectal canal
- Marasmus and KwashiorkorLearning objectivesIdentify and describe the histological, embryological and gross anatomical features of liver and gallbladder, including its structure, blood & nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, bile ducts, and relationship with the liver.Describe the peritoneal covering, ligaments and supports of liverDescribe location, relations, supports, blood supply, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage of spleenIdentify spleen, impressions, ligaments, nerves, muscles, blood vessels, related to
- digestive system on given models andLearning objectivesspecimens.
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesJustify the possibility of splenic rupture in case of accidental injuryDescribe the common causes of splenomegaly
- significanceLearning objectivesDescribe the location, parts, relations and ducts of pancreasDescribe the blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of pancreasDescribe the light microscopic picture of pancreasExplain the development of pancreas
- followingLearning objectivesEsophagus and StomachCardiac end of stomachSmall IntestineColon and AppendixLiverGall bladder and PancreasAnal canal
Physiology8 listed topics
- Digestive System & Metabolism ILearning objectivesDiscuss the physiological anatomy of gastrointestinal tractIdentify the role of interstitial cells of Cajal in the electrical activity of G.I smooth muscleDifferentiate between slow wave potentials and spike potentials in GIT.Explain the role of other factors like stretch & paracrine hormones in the generation of action potential in GI smooth muscleDescribe the organization of enteric nervous system and elaborate its role in control of G.I functionsDifferentiate between myenteric and sub mucosal plexusesAnalyze the interplay of autonomic and enteric nervous system in GI functions
- physiologicalLearning objectivesExplain the physiological processes involved in mastication and salivation
- involved in oralLearning objectivesDescribe the mechanisms of peristalsis, esophageal motility, and the regulation of food passage from the oral cavity to the stomach, Law of Gut
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesDiscuss disorders of swallowing (dysphagia, achalasia), esophageal disorders (e.g., GERD, esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus) and their clinical presentationsDescribe the anatomical basis of bleeding esophageal varices
- significanceLearning objectivesDescribe the functions of stomachExplain the hormonal and neuronal processes of gastric motility and gastric emptyingDescribe mechanism (stimuli, pathways, center) and clinical significance of vomiting reflexDescribe the functions of small intestineDescribe the motility patterns of the small intestine, including segmentation and peristalsis.Categorize different functions of large intestineCompare the propulsive and mixing movements taking place in colonIdentify the role of gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes in regulation of mass movementsDescribe the nervous control of large intestineExplain the process and reflexes of defecation
- Marasmus and KwashiorkorLearning objectivesEnlist metabolic and non-metabolic functions of liverElaborate the non-metabolic functions of liver and correlate with different functions of GITExplain the main functions of Gall bladderIdentify the factors affecting emptying of the gall bladder
- clinical significanceLearning objectivesExplain the regulation of exocrine secretions of the pancreasDescribe the regulation of feeding, hunger, appetite and energy expenditure
- PhysiologyLearning objectivesCalculate BMI & Waist Circumference on SPDetermine the Mean, Mode and Median for the batch on SP following correct sequence of inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation
Medical Biochemistry15 listed topics
- regulation, daily secretion, stimulants andLearning objectivesdepressants.
- significanceLearning objectivesDescribe the composition, mechanism of synthesis, daily secretion, stimulants, depressants, factors affecting HCl secretion, and biochemical regulation of gastric secretionsDescribe the role of the stomach in the initial stages of digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as in the production of intrinsic factor essential for vitamin B₁₂ absorption
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesCorrelate a case of gastritis with pernicious anemia with histological and biochemical basisExplain the embryological basis of pyloric stenosisDescribe the mechanism of development of gastric ulcers and erosionsDescribe the gastric functions testsExplain gastric and peptic ulcers with reference to their common locations and blood vessels endangered as a consequence of perforationIdentify common stomach disorders such as gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, achlorhydria, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer
- significanceLearning objectivesExplain the processes of digestion and nutrient absorption in the small intestineExplain the role of digestive enzymes and hormones (gastrin, secretin and CCK) in the breakdown and absorption of proteinsRevisit the concepts of digestion and absorption of CarbohydratesDiscuss the digestion and absorption of Proteins, carbohydrates and lipidsDiscuss the digestion and absorption Lipids & Nucleic acids in human body NutritionGive the caloric requirements of the human bodyDefine Balanced Diet and elaborate various DRIs (EAR, DA, AI, UL), AMDRDescribe Protein turnover, amino acid Pool, Nitrogen Balance, BMR, BMI, Respiratory quotient, Protein Quality and Glycemic Index.Describe the nutritional requirement and biomedical importance of CHO, lipid & protein in human bodyDiscuss Malnutrition with Protein Energy Malnutrition in particular (Primary and Secondary PEM)Discuss nutritional requirements in various stages of life and Nutritional toolsElaborate obesity with respect to body weight assessment, body weight regulation, molecular influences, metabolic and health effects
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesIdentify common disorders of the small intestine, such as celiac disease, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), SprueCorrelate development of midgut with abnormalities of mesenteries, vitelline duct abnormalities, gut rotation defects, gut atresia & stenosisDifferentiate between omphalocele, umbilical hernia and gastroschisis on the basis of embryologyExplain the nutritional requirements in Pregnancy, cirrhosis, hypertension, end stage renal diseaseCompare and contrast between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
- Protein ChemistryLearning objectivesRevisit protein chemistry Protein Metabolism:Apply the knowledge of protein metabolism for understanding relevant metabolic disordersOutline the mechanism of Nitrogen excretion from the human bodyDefine and exemplify various mechanisms of transamination, deamination,Explain the nutritional requirements inCompare and contrast between
- mechanism of Amino acid oxidationLearning objectivesDescribe the transport of amino group, role of Pyridoxal phosphate, Glutamate, Glutamine, AlanineDraw Urea cycle and discuss its regulation in detailDescribe Genetic defects of Urea cycleExplain in detail the concept of Ammonia intoxicationComprehend Carbon skeleton metabolism and its importanceDescribe the metabolic fates, specialized products, functions, degradation pathways, and associated genetic disorders of ALL individual amino acids (excluding branched-chain amino acids and creatine)
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesIdentify common disorders of large intestine, such as Crohn’s disease, IBS, pain lower abdomen, appendicitis, haemorrhoids/ anal fissure and intestinal obstructionDescribe the embryological basis of hindgut abnormalities (Recto anal atresia, anal fistulas, imperforate anus and congenital mega colon)Describe the common types, pathphysiology and presentations of diarrhea and constipation
- Marasmus and KwashiorkorLearning objectivesElaborate the role of liver in the metabolism of:
- (LFTs)Learning objectivesDescribe the composition, functions, daily secretion, stimulants and depressants of Bile juice and related disorders:
- Cholelithiasis & Cholecystitis)Learning objectivesCompare the role of different body organs in integration of metabolism in health and disease
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesIdentify common disorders of the liver and gallbladder, such as fatty liver, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.Describe the embryological basis of accessary hepatic duct, duplication of Gall bladder, extrahepatic biliary atresia, intrahepatic biliary duct atresia and hypoplasiaDescribe the anatomical basis of referred pain in cholecystitis/ cholelithiasis
- clinical significanceLearning objectivesDescribe the composition, functions, daily secretion, stimulants and depressants of Pancreatic JuiceDescribe Feed fast cycle and explain its adaptation by different tissues to changing energy conditions of the body
- Clinical RelevanceLearning objectivesIdentify common disorders of the pancreas, such as CA head of Pancreas, malabsorption syndrome, acute and chronic pancreatitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndromeJustify the referred pain of acute pancreatitis with anatomical reasoningExplain the embryological basis of Annular pancreas and accessory pancreatic tissue
- BiochemistryLearning objectivesExplain the principle, results, interpretation and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipmentExplain the principle, results, interpretation and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipmentExplain the principle, results, interpretation and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipmentExplain the principle, results, interpretation and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipmentExplain the principle, results, interpretation and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipmentExplain the principle, results, interpretation and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipmentComprehend different diet chartsCalculate BMIExplain hazards of obesity and its preventionExplain the indications, pre-requisites, principle, results and clinical significance/diagnostic applicationInterpretation of laboratory reportDemonstrate the test using specified procedure and appropriate glassware/equipment