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Y1B3M4 - Cardiovascular-I
Expand a subject to review its coded learning outcomes from the official UHS Year-1 curriculum.
10Subjects
78Topics
143Linked
Embryology (CV-A-004 to CV-A-010)7 listed topics
- CV-A-004 - IntroductionLearning objectivesDescribe the early development of heart and blood vesselsDescribe the development of pericardial cavity
- CV-A-005 - Development of HeartLearning objectivesDefine parts of primitive heart tube and give its foldingDescribe the development of various chambers of heart with emphasis on their partitioningIdentify various parts of developing heart tube and structures derived from them during embryonic and fetal life (Models and specimens)
- Development of Heart I - Heart field, Tube, Folding, Pericardium
- Formation and Positioning of the Heart Tube
- Cardiac Looping and Derivatives of the Primitive Heart Tube
- Development of Heart II - Sinus Venosus, Atria, atrial septum, AV canal
- Basic Principles of Cardiac Septation
- Development and Septation of the Atria
- Development and Septation of the Atrioventricular Canal
- Development of Heart III - Ventricles, TA, Semilunar Valves
- Development of the Ventricles, Outflow Tract, Semilunar Valves and Conducting System
- CV-A-006 - Development of Heart and Development of Lymphatic SystemLearning objectivesDescribe the embryological basis of dextrocardia and ectopia cordisDescribe the partitioning of primordial heart: atrioventricular canal and atriumDescribe the development of sinus venosusList clinically significant types of atrial septal defects along with their embryological basis and features.Describe probe patent foramen ovaleDescribe the partitioning of truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordisDescribe the formation of ventricles and interventricular septumDescribe the clinical features and embryological basis of ventricular septal defectsDescribe the development of cardiac valves and conducting system.Describe the development of lymphatic system
- Development of Heart II - Sinus Venosus, Atria, atrial septum, AV canal
- Development of the Sinus Venosus
- Basic Principles of Cardiac Septation
- Development and Septation of the Atria
- Development and Septation of the Atrioventricular Canal
- Congenital Heart Defects and Their Embryological Basis I (Heart fielf, looping, atria, av canal)
- Development of Heart III - Ventricles, TA, Semilunar Valves
- Development of the Ventricles, Outflow Tract, Semilunar Valves and Conducting System
- Ventricular and Outflow Tract Defects
- Development of Vascular System IV - Lymphatic Sys.
- Development of the Lymphatic System
- CV-A-007 - Development of ArteriesLearning objectivesDescribe the embryological correlates and clinical presentation of developmental defects of heart: Tetralogy of Fallot, Patent ductus arteriosus, Unequal division of arterial trunks, Transposition of great vessels and Valvular stenosis, Coarctation of aortaDescribe the formation and fate of pharyngeal arch arteriesDescribe the anomalies of great arteries emerging from heart: Coarctation of aorta, anomalous arteries
- CV-A-008 - Development of VeinsLearning objectivesDescribe the development of embryonic veins associated with developing heart: Vitelline veins, Umbilical Veins and Common cardinal vein and their fateDescribe the formation of superior & inferior vena cava and portal vein with their congenital anomalies With the help of diagrams illustrate the development of superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and portal vein
- Development of Vascular System II - Venous System
- Development of the Venous System (Overview)
- Development of the Vitelline Venous System
- Development of the Umbilical Veins and Ductus Venosus
- Development of the Cardinal Venous System
- IVC Development: Langman vs Keith Moore Nomenclature
- Congenital Defects of the Venous System
- CV-A-009 - Fetal Vessels & CirculationLearning objectivesList the derivatives of fetal vessels and structures: Umbilical vein, ductus venosus, umbilical artery, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosusDescribe Fetal and neonatal circulation mentioning transitional neonatal circulation with its clinical implication
- CV-A-010 - Congenital Heart defectsLearning objectivesList clinically significant types of atrial septal defects along with their embryological basis and features.Describe patent foramen ovale.Describe the embryological correlates and clinical presentation of developmental defects of heart: Tetralogy of Fallot, Persistent ductus arteriosus, Unequal division of arterial trunks, Transposition of great vessels and Valvular stenosis
- Development of Heart II - Sinus Venosus, Atria, atrial septum, AV canal
- Congenital Heart Defects and Their Embryological Basis I (Heart fielf, looping, atria, av canal)
- Development of Heart III - Ventricles, TA, Semilunar Valves
- Ventricular and Outflow Tract Defects
- Development of Vascular System I - Arterial System
- Congenital Defects of the Arterial System
Histology (CV-A-011 to CV-A-019)9 listed topics
- CV-A-011 - Heart & Cardiac MuscleLearning objectivesDescribe microscopic structure of Heart wall (Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium)Describe histology of Cardiac skeleton, SA (sinoatrial) node, AV (atrioventricular) node, Purkinje fibers.Describe the microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of cardiac muscle emphasizing on Tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and intercalated discs.Identify, draw and label histological structure of cardiac muscle
- CV-A-012 - Blood Vessels OrganizationLearning objectivesDescribe general histological organization of blood vessels: Tunica intima, media and adventitia.Identify, draw and label histological sections of elastic artery, muscular artery, arterioles, vein, capillaries and sinusoids
- CV-A-013 - ArteriesLearning objectivesDescribe histological features of arteries: Muscular arteries, elastic arteries, Arterioles
- CV-A-014 - VeinsLearning objectivesDescribe histological features of veins and exchange vessels: large veins, medium sized veins, venules, Capillaries, and sinusoidsCompare and contrast the light microscopic structure of arteries and veins
- CV-A-015 - Thrombus/ Embolus formationLearning objectivesDescribe the histopathological basis of thrombus and embolus formation.
- CV-A-016 - Arteriosclerosi s atherosclerosis HypertensionLearning objectivesExplain the histological basis of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.Describe role of arterioles in hypertension
- CV-A-017 - Lymph vascular SystemLearning objectivesDescribe histological features of Lymph vascular system (Lymph capillaries, Lymph vessels & Lymphatic duct)
- CV-A-018 - Histological features of Cardiac MuscleLearning objectivesIdentify, draw and label histological structure of cardiac muscle
- CV-A-019 - Histological features of Blood VesselsLearning objectivesIdentify, draw and label histological sections of elastic artery, muscular artery, arterioles, vein, capillaries and sinusoids
Gross Anatomy (CV-A-001 to CV-A-003)3 listed topics
- CV-A-001 - MediastinumLearning objectivesDefine mediastinum giving its boundaries and compartments.List the contents of its various compartments.Describe the formation, tributaries, and termination of superior vena cavaDescribe the formation, branches, and relations of ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta.Discuss the distribution of ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta in reference to their branchesDescribe formation, course and tributaries of azygous, hemizygous and accessory hemizygous veins.Describe the course, relations, and distribution of vagus and thoracic splanchnic nerves in relation to nerve supply of heart.
- CV-A-002 - PericardiumLearning objectivesDescribe Pericardium and its parts with emphasis on their nerve supply.Describe the pericardial cavity mentioning transverse and oblique sinuses.Discuss their clinical significanceDescribe the anatomical correlates of various pericardial conditions like pericardial rub, pericardial pain, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade.Describe the anatomical basis for Paracentesis /pericardiocentesis.
- CV-A-003 - HeartLearning objectivesDescribe the external features of heart.List various chambers of heart mentioning their salient features and openings.Describe the arterial supply of heart: coronary arteries and their distribution with special emphasis on collaterals established during ischemia.Describe the sites of anastomosis between right and left coronary arteries with the participating vessels.Discuss the anatomical correlates of cardiac arterial supplyDescribe the anatomical correlates of electrocardiography, cardiac referred pain.Describe the anatomical basis for angioplasty, and coronary grafts.Describe the features of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction and correlate them anatomicallyDescribe the venous drainage of heart.Describe the alternative venous routes to the heartIdentify the vessels supplying the heart with their origins/terminations.Describe the formation, relations, and distribution of cardiac plexus.Describe components and significance of fibrous skeleton of heartDescribe the cardiac valvesExplain the anatomical basis for valvular heart diseasesPerform surface marking of various anatomical landmarks of heart and great vesselsPerform percussion and auscultation of heartIdentify the salient features of heart and great vessels on Computed tomography/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging CT/ MRI
Physiology (CV-P-001 to CV-P-022)21 listed topics
- CV-P-001 - Cardiac MuscleLearning objectivesExplain the physiological anatomy of cardiac muscle.Explain the functional importance of intercalated discs.Discuss the properties of cardiac muscles.Describe and draw the phases of action potential of ventricle.Describe and draw the phases of action potential of SA node along with explanation of the mechanism of self- excitation/ Auto rhythmicity of SA node.Define and give the duration of the Absolute and relative refractory period in cardiac muscle.Describe the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation in cardiac muscle.Draw & explain pressure & volume changes of left ventricle during cardiac cycle.Explain & draw relationship of ECG (Electrocardiography) with cardiac cycle.Explain & draw the relationship of heart sounds with cardiac cycle.Enlist, draw, and explain the physiological basis of atrial pressure waves in relation to cardiac cycle.Define & give the normal values of the cardiac output, stroke volume, end diastolic volume & end systolic volume
- CV-P-002 - Regulation of heart pumpingLearning objectivesDescribe the Frank starling mechanism.Describe the autonomic regulation of heart pumping.Describe the effect of potassium, calcium ions & temperature on heart function.Define chronotropic effect- positive and negative.Define the inotropic effect: positive and negative.Define dromotropic effect: positive and negativeDescribe the location of adrenergic & cholinergic receptors in heart.Name the receptors present in coronary arterioles.Explain sympathetic & parasympathetic effects on heart rate & conduction velocity
- CV-P-003 - Conducting system of heartLearning objectivesDraw and explain the conducting system of heartDescribe the physiological basis and significance of AV nodal delay.
- CV-P-004 - Fundamental s of ECGLearning objectivesExplain the ectopic pacemaker Enlist, draw, and explain the physiological basis & give durations of waves, intervals, and segments of normal ECG.Describe the standard limb leads, Augmented limb leads & precordial leads.Define Einthoven's Triangle & Einthoven's law.Explain the physiological basis of upright T wave in normal ECG.Describe the location and significance of J point in ECG.Explain the physiological basis of current of injury.Enlist the ECG changes in angina pectoris.Enlist the ECG changes in myocardial infarction.Plot the mean cardiac axis.Enlist the physiological & pathological causes of right axis deviation of heart.Enlist the physiological & pathological causes of left axis deviation of heartDescribe the abnormalities of T wave and their causes
- Fundamentals of Electrocardiography
- Recording An Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Normal Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Electrocardiogram Leads (Limb & Precordial)
- Interpreting an Electrocardiogram & Salient Variations of ECG
- Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis
- Mean Cardiac Vector / Mean Electrical Axis & its Deviation
- Vectorial Analysis - Mean Cardiac Vector
- Current of Injury - J point, ST Segment
- CV-P-005 - Effect of electrolyte on ECG Learning objectivesDescribe the effect of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia on ECG Describe the effect of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia on ECG.
- CV-P-006 - Cardiac arrhythmiaLearning objectivesDefine tachycardia and enlist its causes.Define bradycardia and enlist its causes.Classify arrhythmiasExplain the physiological basis of sinus arrythmia.Explain the physiological basis of reflex bradycardia in Athletes.Explain the carotid sinus syndrome.Enlist the causes of atrioventricular block.Explain the types of atrioventricular blocks.Explain the ECG changes in 1st, 2nd & 3rd degree heart block.Explain the cause, physiological basis & ECG changes in Stokes Adam syndrome/ventricular escape.Enlist the causes of premature contractions.Explain the causes and ECG changes of premature atrial contractions.Explain the physiological basis of pulses deficit.Explain the causes and ECG changes in Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Enlist the causes and ECG findings in Long QT syndrome.Explain the causes, physiological basis, features, ECG changes & management of premature heartbeat.Explain the causes, physiological basis, features, ECG changes & management of atrial fibrillation.Explain the causes, physiological basis, features & ECG changes of ventricular fibrillation.Explain the physiological basis, features & ECG changes of atrial flutter.Compare Flutter and Fibrillations
- CV-P-007 - Organization of CirculationLearning objectivesExplain the functional parts of circulation (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules).
- CV-P-008 - Blood flowLearning objectivesExplain the pressures in systemic & pulmonary circulation.Explain the types of Blood flow and significance of Reynolds number.
- CV-P-009 - Local & Humoral Control of Blood flowLearning objectivesDescribe local control of blood flow according to tissue needs.Discuss humoral control of local blood flow.Explain long term control of local blood flow.Describe vascular control by ions and other chemical factors.Name the organs in which auto regulation of blood flow occurs during changes in arterial pressure (metabolic & myogenic mechanisms).
- CV-P-010 - Nervous Regulation of circulationLearning objectivesExplain the role of autonomic nervous system for regulating the circulation.Explain the vasomotor center.Explain the control of vasomotor center by higher nervous centers.Explain emotional fainting/vasovagal syncope.Identify vessels constituting micro-capillaries.Enumerate hydrostatic and osmotic factors that underlie starling’s hypothesis for capillary function.
- CV-P-011 - Rapid control of arterial blood pressureLearning objectivesExplain the role of nervous system in rapid control of arterial blood pressure.Explain the regulation of arterial blood pressure during exercise.Enlist different mechanisms for short term regulation of arterial blood pressure.Explain the role of baroreceptors in regulation of arterial blood pressure.Explain the role of chemoreceptors in regulation of arterial blood pressure.Make a flow chart to discuss the role of Atrial volume reflexes/ Bainbridge reflex in control of blood pressure.Make a flow chart to show the reflex responses to increased blood volume which increase blood pressure and atrial stretch.Describe the role of CNS ischemic response in regulation of the blood pressure.Explain the Cushing reflexExplain the role of abdominal compression reflex to increase the arterial blood pressure.
- CV-P-012 - Role of kidneys in long term Regulation of Arterial Blood PressureLearning objectivesMake a flow chart to discuss the role of renin angiotensin system for long term control of blood pressure.Make a flow chart to show the regulation of blood pressure in response to increase in ECF (Extra Cellular Fluid) volume.Make a flow chart to show the regulation of blood pressure in response to increase in salt intake.
- CV-P-013 - Cardiac outputLearning objectivesDefine cardiac output, cardiac index & venous return with their normal values.Discuss the factors regulating cardiac outputDiscuss factors regulating venous return
- CV-P-014 - Skeletal muscle CirculationLearning objectivesExplain the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow at rest & during exercise.
- CV-P-015 - Coronary circulationLearning objectivesExplain the physiological anatomy of coronary circulation.Explain the regulation of coronary blood flow.Explain the physiological basis of angina, myocardial & subendocardial infarction
- CV-P-016 - Circulatory shockLearning objectivesDefine & enlist different types of shock.Explain the causes, features, and pathophysiology of hypovolemic/hemorrhagic shock.Explain the causes, features, and pathophysiology of septic shock.Explain the causes, features, and pathophysiology of neurogenic shock.Explain the causes, features, and pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock.Discuss the treatment of different types of shock.Explain the different stages of shock.Explain the mechanisms that maintain the cardiac output & arterial blood pressure in non-progressive shock.Enlist different types of positive feedback mechanisms that can lead to the progression of shock.
- CV-P-017 - Heart soundsLearning objectivesEnlist the different types of heart sounds and explain the physiological basis of each.Enlist the causes of 3rd and 4th heart sounds.Explain the causes & physiological basis of murmurs caused by valvular lesions.Enumerate abnormal heart sounds and describe the physiological basis of each.
- CV-P-018 - ECG & Heart SoundsLearning objectivesRecord an electrocardiogram (ECG) by correct lead placement and connections.Perform auscultation of the chest to recognize normal heart sounds.
- CV-P-019, CV-P-020 - Blood Pressure Learning objectivesCV-P-019 Determine the effect of posture and exercise on blood pressure by auscultatory method.CV-P-020 Measure the blood pressure of the subject by palpatory and auscultatory methods.
- CV-P-021 - Arterial Pulse Learning objectivesExamine arterial pulse to recognize normal characteristics of pulse.
- CV-P-022 - JVPLearning objectivesExamine neck veins to determine Jugular Venous Pulse (JVP)
Biochemistry (CV-B-001 to CV-B-011)11 listed topics
- CV-B-001 - Classification of lipidsLearning objectivesClassify lipids
- CV-B-002 - Functions of lipids & Properties of lipidsLearning objectivesDiscuss the biomedical functions & properties of lipids
- CV-B-003 - Classification of fatty acids &Learning objectivesClassify fatty acids.Discuss the role of trans saturated, saturated, poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids in diet on lipid profile.
- CV-B-004 - Lipid peroxidationLearning objectivesDiscuss lipid peroxidation and its significance
- CV-B-005 - EicosanoidsLearning objectivesExplain the biochemical and therapeutic roles of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and prostacyclin)
- CV-B-006 - Lipoprotein metabolismLearning objectivesDiscuss Lipoprotein metabolismDiscuss role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis
- CV-B-007 - Type I to V hyperlipidemiasLearning objectivesDiscuss the signs and symptoms of hyperlipidemiaInterpret data related to hyperlipidemia
- CV-B-008 - Fat soluble vitaminsLearning objectivesDiscuss the sources, biomedical importance, active states, deficiency and excess of fat-soluble vitamins (excluding Vitamin K).
- CV-B-009 - Water soluble vitaminsLearning objectivesDiscuss the sources, biomedical importance, active states, deficiency and excess of water-soluble vitamins (excluding B6, B9 & B12 and Vitamin C).
- CV-B-010 - Minerals and trace elementsLearning objectivesDiscuss the sources, biomedical importance, active states, deficiency and excess of minerals and trace elements especially zinc, Mg, Na, K, I, Ca, P, Se, S, Cu and Cl.
- CV-B-011 - Performance Interpretation of Lab reportLearning objectivesPerform cardiac markers Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase (CK and LDH)Interpret lab reports based on enzymes for diseases like cardiac disorders and hyperlipidemias
Ageing and Life Cycle (CV-Ag-001 to CV-Ag-005)5 listed topics
- CV-Ag-001 - HypertensionLearning objectivesDiscuss the effect of age on blood vessels with reference to hypertension
- CV-Ag-002 - Cardiac AttackLearning objectivesDiscuss the risk of cardiac attack in old age and weather conditions
- CV-Ag-003 - Valvular diseasesLearning objectivesDiscuss the effect of age on valvular system of the heart.
- CV-Ag-004 - ArrythmiaLearning objectivesDiscuss the effect of age on neural conduction of the heart in relation to arrythmia.
- CV-Ag-005 - Role of female hormone on CVS diseaseLearning objectivesDiscuss the protective role of female hormone against CVS diseases in women of reproductive age group
Pathology (CV-Pa-001 to CV-Pa-008)8 listed topics
- CV-Pa-001 - InflammationLearning objectivesDefine InflammationEnumerate cardinal signs of acute inflammation Enlist types of InflammationEnumerate causes & outcomes of inflammationDifferentiate acute & chronic inflammationDescribe general concept of vascular & cellular events of acute inflammationEnumerate chemical mediators of inflammation along with their principal functions
- CV-Pa-002 - AtherosclerosisLearning objectivesClassify types of thrombosis, embolism, and infarctionDiscuss the pathophysiology of thrombosis, embolism, and infarctionIdentify the types and causes of hypertension
- CV-Pa-003 - HypertensionLearning objectivesDiscuss the clinical consequences of hypertension and atherosclerosis
- CV-Pa-004 - ShockLearning objectivesDiscuss the pathophysiology of shock
- CV-Pa-005 - Cardiac FailureLearning objectivesClassify the types of heart failureIdentify the causes leading to heart failure
- CV-Pa-006 - Ischemic Heart DiseaseLearning objectivesIdentify the types of ischemic heart diseaseDiscuss the pathophysiology of different types of ischemic heart disease
- CV-Pa-007 - Cardiac OutputLearning objectivesExplain the pathological causes of high & low cardiac output.
- CV-Pa-008 - Hemodynami csLearning objectivesIdentify the pathological changes of infarction (microscopic)Identify the pathological changes of thrombosis (microscopic)
Pharmacology & Therapeutics (CV-Ph-001 to CV-Ph-006)5 listed topics
- CV-Ph-001 - Anti- hypertensive drugsLearning objectivesClassify antihypertensive drugs.
- CV-Ph-002, CV-Ph-005 - Antianginal drugsLearning objectivesCV-Ph-002 Classify antianginal drugs.CV-Ph-005 Illustrate mechanism of action of antianginal drugs.
- CV-Ph-003 - Antiarrhythmic mics drugsLearning objectivesClassify antiarrhythmic drugs.
- CV-Ph-004 - Drugs for cardiac failure TOPIC Anti- hypertensive drugsLearning objectivesClassify drugs used in cardiac failure.SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES Illustrate mechanism of action of antihypertensive drugs.
- CV-Ph-006 - Drugs for cardiac failureLearning objectivesIllustrate mechanism of action of drugs used in cardiac failure.
Community Medicine & Public Health (CV-CM-001 to CV-CM-007)7 listed topics
- CV-CM-001 - Disease Prevention ModelsLearning objectivesDescribe the various strategies and models to prevent diseases.
- CV-CM-002 - Primordial PreventionLearning objectivesDescribe primordial prevention and its application to preventing CVS diseases.Depict the concept of primary prevention in context to CVS and able to apply on CVS diseases.
- CV-CM-003 - Health PromotionLearning objectivesDiscuss the basic concept of health promotion and its application to CVS.
- CV-CM-004 - Behavioural Change InterventionLearning objectivesDiscuss various methods of behavioural change interventions at community level.
- CV-CM-005 - Secondary & Tertiary PreventionLearning objectivesTo apply secondary and tertiary preventions on CVS diseases (coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, hypertension)
- CV-CM-006 - Noncommunic able diseaseLearning objectivesDescribe the concept of cardiovascular diseases as non-communicable diseases
- CV-CM-007 - Risk factor assessment of CVS diseasesLearning objectivesIdentify the risk factors in the community for CVS diseases.Learn and apply interventions to prevent the risk factors in community.
Behavioural Sciences (CV-BhS-001 to CV-BhS-002)2 listed topics
- CV-BhS-001 - Personal, Psychosocial and vocational issuesLearning objectivesIdentify and deal with the various psychosocial aspects of Cardiovascular conditions (such as Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Heart failure, Arrythmias, and other cardiovascular conditions) on Individual, Family and Society.
- CV-BhS-002 - Emotional faintingLearning objectivesPsychological basis of emotional fainting & its impact