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Y1B3M5 - Respiratory-I

Expand a subject to review its coded learning outcomes from the official UHS Year-1 curriculum.

10Subjects
88Topics
84Linked
Embryology (Re-A-014 to Re-A-018)5 listed topics
  • Re-A-014 - Bony components of Thoracic cavityLearning objectivesDescribe the development of ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae.Give the associated congenital malformations
  • Re-A-015 - Developme nt of Vertebral ColumnLearning objectivesDescribe the developmental process of Vertebral Column
  • Re-A-016 - Diaphragm & Thoracic cavityLearning objectivesList the embryological sources of the diaphragm.Describe the events taking place in the development and descent of the diaphragmDescribe the development of Thoracic cavities (Pleural and Pericardial cavities)
  • Re-A-017 - Upper Respiratory TractLearning objectivesDescribe the development of trachea.Describe congenital anomalies of Trachea- Tracheoesophageal fistulas of different types
  • Re-A-018 - LungsLearning objectivesList the phases of lung development with their time periods.Describe the events taking place in each phaseDescribe the embryological basis of respiratory distress syndrome/Hyaline membrane disease, Ectopic Lung lobes, Congenital cysts of Lung
Histology (Re-A-019 to Re-A-028)9 listed topics
  • Re-A-019 - Organizatio n of respiratory system Learning objectivesGive the general histological organization of respiratory system.
  • Re-A-020 - Respiratory epithelium Learning objectivesDescribe the microscopic features of respiratory epithelium & Olfactory epithelium
  • Re-A-021 - Nasophary nxLearning objectivesDescribe histology of Nasopharynx
  • Re-A-022, Re-A-025 - Epiglottis & larynxLearning objectivesRe-A-022 Describe the histological features of epiglottis and larynxRe-A-025 Identify, draw and label the histologic sections of epiglottis and larynx.
  • Re-A-023 - Trachea & lungs blood-air barrier Learning objectivesDescribe the histological features of trachea and lungsDescribe histology of blood-air barrier
  • Re-A-024 - Clinical correlatesLearning objectivesExplain the histological basis of: 1.Laryngitis 2.Singer’s nodules 3.Emphysema 4.Pneumonia 5.Atelectasis 1.Infant respiratory distress syndrome
  • Re-A-026 - Trachea & Organization of Respiratory System Learning objectivesDescribe the histological features of bronchial tree: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
  • Re-A-027 - Bronchial tree & Lung Learning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological sections of bronchial tree: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, LungDescribe the mucosal changes encountered in the trachea-bronchial treeCompare and contrast the histological features of various components of bronchial tree: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
  • Re-A-028 - Pneumocytes Learning objectivesDescribe, compare and contrast the light and electron microscopic features of type I and type II pneumocytes
Gross Anatomy (Re-A-001 to Re-A-013)13 listed topics
Physiology (Re-P-001 to Re-P-038)36 listed topics
  • Re-P-001 - Breathing Learning objectivesEnlist the muscles of inspiration and expiration in quiet breathing Enlist the muscles of inspiration and expiration in labored breathingExplain the components of the work of breathingDiscuss the mechanics of pulmonary ventilationExplain periodic breathingExplain the causes and pathophysiology of sleep apnea
  • Re-P-002 - Lung Compliance Learning objectivesDefine and explain lung compliance Enlist the factors that affect lung compliance Draw the compliance diagram of air filled and saline filled lungs Enlist the components of surfactantDescribe the role of surfactant in lung complianceExplain the role of surfactant in premature babies
  • Re-P-003 - Lung volumes and Capacities Learning objectivesDefine the different lung volumes and capacities and their clinical significanceDiscuss Forced Expiratory Volume 1/ Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio and its clinical significance Enlist the lung volumes and capacities that cannot be measured by spirometer.Define dead space & explain its typesDiscuss FEV1/FVC ratio in relation to Bronchial Asthma.Discuss FEV1/FVC ratio in relation to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease/restrictive lung diseasesDiscuss Forced Expiratory Volume 1/ Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio in relation to pulmonary embolism
  • Re-P-004 - Pulmonary ventilationLearning objectivesDefine alveolar ventilation.Define minute respiratory volumeDescribe the pressures in the pulmonary system.
  • Re-P-005 - Pulmonary CirculationLearning objectivesDescribe the blood volume of the LungsDescribe the distribution and regulation of blood flow through the lungs.Describe the mechanics of blood flow in the three blood flow zones of the lungDescribe the effect of heavy exercise on pulmonary arterial pressure.Describe the function of pulmonary circulation when left atrial pressure rises as a result of left-sided heart failure.Explain pulmonary capillary dynamics.
  • Re-P-006 - Pulmonary Edema, and Pleural FluidLearning objectivesDiscuss pathophysiology and common causes of pulmonary edemaExplain the safety factors that prevent pulmonary edema.Explain the physiological basis of the presence of fluid normally in the pleural cavity.Define pleural effusion and give its causes.
  • Re-P-007 - Principles of Gaseous ExchangeLearning objectivesExplain the ultrastructure of respiratory membraneDiscuss the factors affecting diffusion of gases across the respiratory membraneExplain the diffusion capacity of respiratory membrane for oxygen and carbon dioxideDefine alveolar, pleural and transpulmonary pressure.Explain differences in the partial pressures of atmospheric, humidified, alveolar air and explain physiological basis of change in each pressure
  • Re-P-008 - Transport of oxygen in the blood Learning objectivesExplain the different forms of transport of oxygen in the blood
  • Re-P-009 - oxyhemoglobi n dissociation curve & oxyhemoglobi n dissociation curve & Bohr`s effect & CyanosisLearning objectivesDraw and explain oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Enlist the factors that cause the rightward shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Enlist the factors that cause the leftward shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curveDiscuss the P50 in relation to oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curveExplain the Bohr`s effectDefine, enlist the types and causes of cyanosis
  • Re-P-010 - Transport of CO2 in blood Learning objectivesEnlist different forms in which Carbon dioxide CO2 is transported in the bloodExplain carboxyhemoglobin dissociation curveExplain the Haldane effectExplain the chloride shift/Hamburger phenomenonDefine the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)
  • Re-P-011 - VA/Q (ventilation perfusion ratio) Learning objectivesExplain the alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure when Pulmonary ventilation (V) and Perfusion (Q), VA/Q= infinity, zero, and normalExplain the concept of physiological shunt when VA/Q ratio is above normalExplain the concept of physiological dead space when VA/Q ratio is above normal
  • Re-P-012 - Protective reflexes Learning objectivesEnlist the respiratory and non-respiratory functions of the lungExplain the nervous control of bronchiolar musculature Trace the reflex arc of cough reflex and sneeze reflex
  • Re-P-013 - Aviation and spaceLearning objectivesExplain the principle means by which acclimatization occursExplain the events that occur during acute mountain sickness Enlist the features of chronic mountain sickness
  • Re-P-014 - Deep sea divingLearning objectivesExplain the pathophysiology, features, prevention and treatment of decompression sickness.
  • Re-P-015 - Carbon monoxide poisoningLearning objectivesDraw and explain the effect of CO poisoning on oxyhemoglobin dissociation curveExplain the pathophysiology, features, and treatment of CO poisoning.
  • Re-P-016 - Nervous regulation of respiration Learning objectivesEnumerate the components of respiratory centers and explain their functions.Explain the inspiratory RAMP signalExplain the Herring Breuer reflex/lung inflation reflex and its clinical significance
  • Re-P-017 - Chemical control of respiration Learning objectivesExplain the location of chemo sensitive area (central chemoreceptors) and peripheral chemoreceptorsExplain the effect of hydrogen ions & carbon dioxide on the chemo- sensitive areaExplain the role of oxygen in the control of respiration/peripheral chemoreceptors
  • Re-P-018 - Exercise and Respiration Learning objectivesExplain the regulation of Respiration during Exercise
  • Re-P-019 - Hypoxia Learning objectivesEnlist the effects of acute hypoxiaExplain the hypoxia inducible factor a master switch for body response to hypoxiaDefine and explain different types of hypoxias
  • Re-P-021, Re-P-028 - PneumoniaLearning objectivesRe-P-021 Discuss the bacteria and viruses that cause PneumoniaRe-P-028 Classify different types of pneumoniaDiscuss the sign symptoms of pneumoniaDiscuss the management of pneumonia
  • Re-P-022 - DyspneaLearning objectivesDefine Dyspnea Enlist different causes of dyspneaDifferentiate between cardiac and respiratory dyspneaOutline management strategies for dyspnea
  • Re-P-023 - emphysemaLearning objectivesExplain the pathophysiology of emphysema
  • Re-P-024 - AtelectasisLearning objectivesExplain the pathophysiology of Atelectasis.
  • Re-P-025 - Pneumothora xLearning objectivesEnlist the causes of PneumothoraxDescribe the signs and symptoms of Pneumothorax
  • Re-P-026 - PleuritisLearning objectivesEnlist the causes of PleuritisDescribe the signs and symptoms of PleuritisDiscuss the management of Pleuritis
  • Re-P-027 - BronchitisLearning objectivesEnlist the causes of BronchitisDiscuss the signs and symptoms of BronchitisDiscuss the management of Bronchitis
  • Re-P-029 - AsthmaLearning objectivesClassify different types of asthmaDiscuss the signs and symptoms of asthmaDiscuss the management of asthma
  • Re-P-030 - TuberculosisLearning objectivesClassify different types of TuberculosisDiscuss the signs and symptoms of tuberculosisDiscuss the management of Tuberculosis
  • Re-P-031 - Acute respiratory distress syndrome Learning objectivesClassify different types of acute respiratory distress syndromeDiscuss the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndromeDiscuss the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Re-P-032 - Respiratory Failure Learning objectivesDefine respiratory failureDescribe various types of respiratory failure Enlist various causes of respiratory failureOutline management strategies of respiratory failure
  • Re-P-033 - First Aid in Surgical PatientsLearning objectivesDescribe ABC in a trauma patient
  • Re-P-034 - Clinical Examination of ChestLearning objectivesPerform the clinical examination of chest for the respiratory system (inspection, palpation, percussion, Auscultation)
  • Re-P-035 - Lung volume & capacitiesLearning objectivesDetermine lung volumes and capacities with a spirometer.
  • Re-P-036 - Oxygen SaturationLearning objectivesDetermine Blood Oxygen Saturation with finger Pulse Oximeter
  • Re-P-037 - Peak Expiratory Flow rateLearning objectivesDetermine Peak Expiratory Flow rate.
  • Re-P-038 - CPRLearning objectivesPerform Cardio pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) on adult and infant.
Biochemistry (Re-B-001 to Re-B-012)11 listed topics
  • Re-B-001 - Genetic defectsLearning objectivesDescribe the biochemical basis of emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosisExplain and interpret the pedigree of single gene defect i.e., Emphysema and cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive)Discuss the biochemical basis of Respiratory Distress syndrome
  • Re-B-002 - Water, pH, Buffers/ Ionization of waterLearning objectivesDescribe ionization of water and elaborate its significance.Discuss water and electrolyte balance in health and disease.
  • Re-B-003 - Water, pH, Buffers/ pH and pH scaleLearning objectivesDefine pH and describe the concept of pH scale.
  • Re-B-004 - Water, pH, Buffers/ weak acids and their significanceLearning objectivesDefine weak acids and conjugate base.
  • Re-B-005 - Water, pH, Buffers/ Ka And pKaLearning objectivesDefine Ka and pKa and give their significance.
  • Re-B-006, Re-B-007 - Water, pH, Buffers/ HH equation and its applicationsLearning objectivesRe-B-006 Describe Henderson-Hasselbach (HH) equation. (no derivation required) along with its application/use.Interpret the titration curve for amino acids (alanine, histidine& acetic acid)Re-B-007 Define buffers.Enumerate the component of a buffers system and describe their mechanism of action.Enlist important buffers present in blood, plasma, ECF (Extra Cellular Fluid), ICF (Intra Cellular Fluid) and renal tubular fluid.Elaborate the working of bicarbonate buffer and phosphate buffer.
  • Re-B-008 - Acid Base balance and imbalance/ Lung mechanisms for pH regulationLearning objectivesElaborate the role of lungs in the regulation of acid base balance.
  • Re-B-009 - Acid Base balance and imbalance/ Defense mechanisms against changes in H+ concentrationLearning objectivesElaborate the concept of 1st, 2nd and 3rd line of defense against changes in H+ ion concentration.
  • Re-B-010 - Acid base balanceLearning objectivesDiscuss the concept of acid base balance
  • Re-B-011 - Determination of pHLearning objectivesDetermine the pH of the solution by pH meter
  • Re-B-012 - Acid base balance InterpretationsLearning objectivesInterpret metabolic and respiratory disorders of acid base balance on the basis of sign, symptoms and ABG findings
Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Re-Ph-001 to Re-Ph-003)2 listed topics
  • Re-Ph-001 - Cough SuppressantsLearning objectivesClassify the drugs for cough suppression & expectorationExplain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of cough suppressants
  • Re-Ph-002, Re-Ph-003 - anti- asthmaticsLearning objectivesRe-Ph-002 Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of anti-asthmaticsRe-Ph-003 Classify anti-histamines
Pathology (Re-Pa-001 to Re-Pa-003)3 listed topics
  • Re-Pa-001 - Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeLearning objectivesDescribe the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Re-Pa-002 - Obstructive lung DiseaseLearning objectivesGive the salient features of Obstructive and Restrictive Lung diseases.
  • Re-Pa-003 - Restrictive Lung DiseaseLearning objectivesTabulate the differences between Obstructive and Restrictive lung diseases
Community Medicine & Public Health (Re-CM-001 to Re-CM-004)4 listed topics
  • Re-CM-001 - Prevention of acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)Learning objectivesIdentify the common risk factors of acute respiratory infections with emphasis on smokingDiscuss preventive strategies of different problems related to respiratory system Enlist the common vaccines used for the prevention of ARI Explain the role of vitamins in the respiratory tract infections
  • Re-CM-002 - Interaction of environment & Respiratory SystemLearning objectivesExplain the effect of air pollutants on the respiratory system
  • Re-CM-003 - Epidemiology of respiratory DiseasesLearning objectivesDescribe the burden of respiratory diseases
  • Re-CM-004 - Occupational Lung DiseasesLearning objectivesEnlist the common respiratory diseases related to occupation
Behavioural Sciences (Re-BhS-001 to Re-BhS-003)3 listed topics
  • Re-BhS-001 - DyspneaLearning objectivesidentify the psychosocial factors leading to dyspnea.
  • Re-BhS-002 - Psychogenic CoughLearning objectivesIdentify the psychosocial factors leading to psychogenic cough.
  • Re-BhS-003 - Personal, Psychosocial and vocational issuesLearning objectivesIdentify and deal with the various psychosocial aspects of Respiratory conditions (such as Asthma, COPD, Tuberculosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Sleep Apnea) on Individual, Family and Society.
Ageing and Life Cycle (Re-Ag-001 to Re-Ag-002)2 listed topics
  • Re-Ag-001 - Respiratory infections in old ageLearning objectivesDiscuss the microbiological basis of respiratory infections in old age in cold weather
  • Re-Ag-002 - Increased vulnerability to infection Respiratory diseasesLearning objectivesDiscuss how aging impairs respiratory clearance, increasing inflammation and infection risk.Describe the biochemical basis of emphysema, COPD and cystic fibrosis