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Y2B4M6 - GIT & Nutrition-I
Expand a subject to review its coded learning outcomes from the official UHS Year-2 curriculum.
9Subjects
71Topics
32Linked
Embryology (GIT-A-014 to GIT-A-017)4 listed topics
- GIT-A-014 - Oral CavityLearning objectivesDescribe the development of tongueDescribe the embryological basis of tongue tieDescribe the development of palateDescribe the embryological basis of various facial cleftsIdentify the parts of the developing tongue and palate
- GIT-A-015 - ForegutLearning objectivesDescribe the formation and divisions of gut tubeDescribe the molecular regulation of gut tube development.Describe the development of mesenteriesDescribe the development of esophagusDescribe the embryological basis of esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistulaDescribe the development and rotation of stomachDescribe the embryological basis of pyloric stenosisDescribe the development of duodenum, liver and gall bladder.Describe the molecular regulation of liver.Describe the embryological basis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary atresiaDescribe the development of pancreas.Describe the molecular regulation of pancreas.Describe the embryological basis of annular pancreas
- GIT-A-016 - MidgutLearning objectivesDescribe the development of midgut especially mentioning physiological herniation, rotation, retraction of herniated loops and mesenteries of the intestinal loopsDescribe the embryological basis of the following 1. mobile cecum 2. volvulus 3. retro colic hernia 4.Omphalocele 5. gastroschisisDescribe the embryological basis of Meckel’s diverticulumDescribe the embryological basis of; 1.Gut rotation defects 2.Gut atresia and stenosis
- GIT-A-017 - HindgutLearning objectivesDescribe the development of hindgutDescribe the embryological basis of; 3.Rectourethral and rectovaginal fistulas 4.Recto anal fistulas and atresia 5.Imperforate anus 6.Congenital megacolonIdentify the parts of the developing foregut, midgut and hindgut originating from the endoderm
Histology (GIT-A-018 to GIT-A-029)10 listed topics
- GIT-A-018 - Oral Cavity & EsophagusLearning objectivesDescribe the light microscopic structure of; 1.Lips 2.Tongue including lingual papillae and taste buds 3.Oral Cavity (Cheeks, Teeth gums, hard & Soft palate)Describe the histological structure of parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.Compare and contrast the histological structures of parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.Describe the serous and mucous acini and give histological differences between the two.Describe the structure and location of serous demilunes.Describe histology of oropharynxRelate the characteristics of various layers of GIT with their functionDescribe the light microscopic structure of esophagus Tabulate the histological differences between different parts of esophagusDescribe the histological changes associated with reflux esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus
- GIT-A-019 - Stomach Learning objectivesDescribe the light microscopic structure of stomachDescribe the role of parietal cells in pernicious anemia
- GIT-A-020, GIT-A-026 - Small Intestine Learning objectivesGIT-A-020 Describe the light microscopic structure of 1.Duodenum 2.Jejunum 3.IleumDiscuss the histological basis of celiac diseaseDiscuss the histological basis of Crohn’s diseaseGIT-A-026 Identify, draw and label the histological structure of small intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum) and enumerate points of identification
- GIT-A-021, GIT-A-027 - Large Intestine Learning objectivesGIT-A-021 Describe the light microscopic structure of 1.Colon 2.Appendix 3.RectumDefine colorectal cancer, anal abscess, hemorrhoidsGIT-A-027 Identify, draw and label the histological structure of large intestine and enumerate points of identification
- GIT-A-022 - Accessory OrgansLearning objectivesDescribe the light microscopic structure of: 1.Liver 2.Gall Bladder 3.Pancreas
- GIT-A-023 - Oral Cavity Learning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological sections of Tongue and Lips and enumerate points of identification
- GIT-A-024 - Salivary Gland Learning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological sections of Salivary glands (Submandibular, Sublingual and Parotid)
- GIT-A-025 - Upper GITLearning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological structure of the esophagus and enumerate points of identificationIdentify, draw and label the histological structure of stomach and enumerate points of identification
- GIT-A-028 - Organs associated with GITLearning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological sections of Gall bladder, liver and enumerate points of identificationIdentify, draw and label the histological sections of pancreas and enumerate points of identification
- GIT-A-029 - Lymphatic tissue associated with GITLearning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological sections of Palatine tonsil, appendix, peyer’s patches and enumerate points of identification
Gross Anatomy (GIT-A-001 to GIT-A-002, GIT-A-004 to GIT-A-013)12 listed topics
- GIT-A-001 - Oral CavityLearning objectivesDescribe the gross anatomical features of oral cavity with its neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainageDiscuss the location, anatomical features, relations and vascular supply of tonsils: nasopharyngeal, palatine and lingual.Discuss the skeletal framework of hard palate with its neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainageDescribe the gross anatomical features of soft palate with its neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainageDescribe the attachments, nerve supply and actions of muscles of soft palateDescribe the structure of tongue with attachments of muscles, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage.Discuss the anatomical basis of injury to hypoglossal nerveDescribe anatomical features, relations and neurovascular supply of parotid gland and its duct, mentioning the structures entering and exiting the gland.Discuss the clinical correlates of parotid gland: parotiditis, Mumps, Frey’s syndrome, parotid duct injury and parotid tumor surgery with its complications.Describe the Waldeyer’s ring.Describe anatomical features, relations and neurovascular supply of submandibular and sublingual glands with their ducts.
- GIT-A-002 - Anterior Abdomen WallLearning objectivesDescribe the planes and quadrants of abdomen Draw and label the cutaneous innervation and dermatomes of anterior abdominal wall and anterolateral Abdominal wall and describe the clinical correlates (Abdominal pain, Muscle rigidity, Referred pain, anterior abdominal nerve block)Describe the fascia of anterior abdominal wall with its clinical significanceDescribe anterolateral Abdominal wall arteries, Veins and Lymphatics and related clinical correlates—Caput MedusaeDescribe the attachments, nerve supply and actions of muscles of anterior abdominal wallIdentify the muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall on anatomical model and/or cadaverDescribe the extent, formation and contents of rectus sheath Give the formation and extent of inguinal ligamentDescribe the formation of superficial and deep inguinal rings and conjoint tendonLocate the position of superficial and deep inguinal rings on simulated subject or CadaverDescribe the extent, boundaries and contents of inguinal canalDefine the following hernias: umbilical, epigastric, incisional, Spigelian, lumbar, femoral, internal and inguinalDifferentiate between direct and indirect inguinal herniasDescribe the location of abdominal surgical incisions Mark the abdominal incisions on simulated patient/ subject and explain their anatomical basisList the structures and coverings of spermatic cord
- GIT-A-004 - PeritoneumLearning objectivesTrace the horizontal and vertical peritoneal reflectionsDescribe the relationship of viscera to the peritoneumDescribe the gross anatomical features of the following: 1.Mesentery 2.Omentum 3.Peritoneal ligaments 4.Peritoneal fold 5.Peritoneal sac, 6.Recesses, 7.Spaces and 8.GuttersDescribe the nerve supply of PeritoneumDescribe the anatomical basis and manifestations of the following: 1.Peritonitis and ascites 2.Peritoneal adhesions (and adhesiostomy) 3.Abdominal paracentesis
- GIT-A-005 - EsophagusLearning objectivesDescribe the extent of esophagus, its constrictions, neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainageDiscuss the anatomical basis of esophageal varices, achalasia and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- GIT-A-006 - StomachLearning objectivesDescribe the location, position, parts, external and internal structure, relations, vascular and nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of stomach Draw and label a diagram illustrating the lymphatic drainage of StomachDescribe the clinical presentation and the anatomical basis and manifestations of the following conditions: Carcinoma of stomach and peptic ulcersIdentify and demonstrate the parts, external and internal features of stomach on anatomical model and cadaver
- GIT-A-007 - Small & Large IntestineLearning objectivesDescribe the location, position, parts, relations, neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage of duodenum, Jejunum & Ileum (Small Intestine)Describe the anatomical basis and manifestations of the following conditions: 1.Duodenal Ulcers 2.Ileal diverticulum 3.Diverticulosis 4.Large bowel cancer 5.Appendicitis 6.Volvulus 7.IntussusceptionDemonstrate the various positions of appendixIdentify and demonstrate the Parts and external features of small and large intestines on anatomical model and cadaver
- GIT-A-008 - LiverLearning objectivesDescribe the origin, course, branches (tributaries in case of veins) and distribution of the blood vessels of GIT Describe the formation, tributaries and drainage of hepatic- portal veinDiscuss the sites and vessels contributing in portosystemic anastomosisDescribe the clinical picture and anatomical basis for the blockage of porto-systemic anastomosisIdentify the blood vessels supplying GIT on anatomical model and cadaverDescribe location, lobes, important relations, peritoneal ligaments, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply, related clinical correlates of liver and subphrenic spaces.
- GIT-A-009 - Biliary SystemLearning objectivesDescribe components of Biliary tree- hepatic duct and bile ductDescribe relations, functions, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of GallbladderDescribe related clinical correlates- gall stones, biliary colic, cholecystectomy, gallbladder gangrene
- GIT-A-010 - PancreasLearning objectivesDescribe the location, surfaces, peritoneal reflections, relations, neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage of pancreasDescribe the anatomical basis and manifestations of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancerIdentify the parts of the pancreas
- GIT-A-011 - SpleenLearning objectivesDescribe the location, surfaces, peritoneal reflections, relations, neurovascular supply and lymphatic drainage of spleenDescribe the anatomical basis and manifestations of splenic trauma and splenomegalyIdentify the borders, surfaces and Impressions of spleenDemonstrate the correct anatomical positioning of spleen
- GIT-A-012 - Sigmoid Colon, Rectum & Anal CanalLearning objectivesDescribe the gross anatomical features, peritoneal relations, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of cecum ascending and descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canalDescribe the anatomical basis for Sigmoidoscopy, rectal prolapse, rectal examination, rectal cancer and hemorrhoids
- GIT-A-013 - Surgical InterventionLearning objectivesOutline the anatomical basis and surgical treatment plan for the following diseases: 1.Esophageal Injuries 2.Gastric Carcinoma 3.Intestinal Obstruction 4.Pancreatic Carcinoma 5.Obstructive Jaundice 6.Gall Stones
Physiology (GIT-P-001 to GIT-P-010)10 listed topics
- GIT-P-001 - General Principles of GIT Function - Motility, Nervous Control & Blood FlowLearning objectivesClassify the components of enteric nervous systemDiscuss the location and significance of myenteric plexusDescribe the Meissner’s plexusDifferentiate between myenteric and Meissner’s plexusesExplain the mechanism of developing slow waveExplain the mechanism of developing spike potential Enlist the factors that depolarize & hyperpolarize the GIT membrane Enlist the excitatory & inhibitory neurotransmitters of enteric nervous systemExplain the role of sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system in controlling GIT function.Enlist the gastrointestinal reflexes & explain the functions of these reflexes Enlist the hormones acting on GIT, their stimuli, site of release and actionsEnumerate different types of movements that occur in GIT Discuss the functions and control of GIT movementsDiscuss the effect of gut activity and metabolic factors on GIT blood flow / Splanchnic circulationExplain the nervous control of GIT blood flow / Splanchnic circulation
- GIT-P-002 - Oral Cavity & Esophagus Learning objectivesTrace the reflex arc of masticationExplain the process and importance of chewing reflex Enlist the stages of swallowingDescribe the mechanism of voluntary stage of swallowing Trace the reflex arc of involuntary stage of swallowing Enlist the steps involved in involuntary stage of swallowingExplain the effect of swallowing on respirationDiscuss the mechanism of esophageal stage of swallowing Enlist causes of dysphagiaExplain the types and role of different peristalsis originating in esophagusDiscuss the role of Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Gastroesophageal)Discuss the pathophysiology of achalasia & Megaesophagus Enlist the features and treatment of achalasia
- GIT-P-003 - Stomach Learning objectivesExplain storage function of stomachDescribe the basic electrical rhythm of stomach wallExplain the role of pyloric pump and pyloric sphincter in gastric emptyingExplain the factors that promote Stomach EmptyingDiscuss the duodenal (nervous & hormonal) factors that inhibit Stomach emptying Enlist the factors that initiate enterogastric inhibitory reflexesEnumerate the causes, features, and pathophysiology of gastritisExplain the physiological basis of each feature of gastritis Recommend treatment of gastritisEnumerate the causes, features, and pathophysiology of peptic ulcerExplain the physiological basis of each feature of peptic ulcer
- GIT-P-004 - Small IntestineLearning objectivesEnumerate and explain the secretions and movements of small intestineExplain the term “peristaltic rush” Explain the functions of ileocecal valve and sphincterEnumerate the types of intestinal sprue Enlist the features of intestinal sprueExplain the consequences of sprue on the body
- GIT-P-005 - Large IntestineLearning objectivesEnumerate the types of movements taking place in colonExplain the mechanism of developing movements of colon and their control through Gastrocolic and Duodenocolic Reflexes Enlist the defecation reflexesExplain the mechanism of defecation reflex Trace the reflex arc of defecationName the other autonomic reflexes that affect bowel activityExplain the pathophysiology of constipationDescribe the cause of Hirschsprung’s disease integrate with Medicine.
- GIT-P-006 - Liver Learning objectivesExplain the functions of liverDifferentiate between liver and gall bladder bile and the hormones acting on themEnumerate the causes and composition of developing gall stones
- GIT-P-007 - Pancreas Learning objectivesExplain function and secretions of pancreas Enlist the causes and pathophysiology of acute and chronic pancreatitisEnumerate the features of acute pancreatitis and explain the physiological basis of each feature of pancreatitis
- GIT-P-008 - Vomiting ReflexLearning objectivesDescribe the stages of vomiting act Trace the reflex arc of vomitingExplain the role of chemoreceptor trigger zone for initiation of vomiting by drugs or by motion sickness
- GIT-P-009 - Acute & Chronic DiarrheaLearning objectivesDefine Acute DiarrheaDefine Chronic Diarrhea Enlist various causes for acute and chronic diarrhea
- GIT-P-010 - Cranial nerveLearning objectivesDemonstrate Cranial nerve V, IX & X testing
Biochemistry (GIT-B-001 to GIT-B-022)22 listed topics
- GIT-B-001 - Biochemistry of GIT /GIT secretions & digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydratesLearning objectivesGive the composition and importance of saliva and related clinical disorder (xerostomia) Give the composition and importance of gastric juice with special reference to mechanism of HCl secretion and related clinical disorders (achlorhydria, gastric ulcer Give the composition and importance of pancreatic juice, bile and succus entericus and related clinical disorders (pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, cholelithiasis).Describe digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates along with inherited and acquired disorders (lactose intolerance, sucrase-isomaltase deficiency).
- GIT-B-002 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Entry of glucose into cellsLearning objectivesElaborate key features of various transport systems for entry of glucose into cells.
- GIT-B-003 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Hormonal control of BSLLearning objectivesEnlist the hormones that play important roles in regulating carbohydrate metabolism.Elaborate the metabolic effects of these hormones.Infer the consequences of deficiency and excess of these hormones
- GIT-B-004 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ GlycolysisLearning objectivesDescribe the glycolytic pathway along with its regulation and significance.Compare key features of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis.Calculate the number of ATP produced during aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis.Explain hemolytic anemia in subjects with pyruvate kinase deficiency based on your biochemical knowledge.Clearly differentiate between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
- GIT-B-005 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Metabolic fates of pyruvateLearning objectivesDiscuss the metabolic fates of pyruvate.Describe the transport of pyruvate from cytosol to mitochondria.Elaborate the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) along with regulation and significance.Enlist inherited and acquired causes of lactic acidosis and give biochemical explanation for lactic acidosis in each condition.
- GIT-B-006 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Kreb’s CycleLearning objectivesDescribe the TCA cycle along with regulation & significance.Calculate the energy yield of TCA
- GIT-B-007 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ GluconeogenesisLearning objectivesDefine gluconeogenesis and enumerate gluconeogenic substrates (precursors) Delineate the reactions involved in synthesis of glucose from various gluconeogenic substrates.Elaborate the regulation and importance of gluconeogenesis.Explain the significance of Cori cycle and glucosealanine cycle
- GIT-B-008 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Glycogen metabolismLearning objectivesIllustrate the reactions of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis along with their regulation and significance Enlist various types of glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) Infer the key biochemical and clinical features of various GSDs from the respective enzyme deficiencies.
- GIT-B-009 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ HMP Hexose Monophosphat e PathwayLearning objectivesDescribe the reactions and regulation of Hexose Mono Phosphate Pathway (HMP).Discuss the importance of HMP shuntExplain hemolytic anemia in subjects suffering from G6PD deficiency.Diagnose G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency based on given data.
- GIT-B-010 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Uronic acid pathway & sorbitol pathwayLearning objectivesDescribe the reactions, regulation, and biomedical importance of uronic acid pathway and sorbitol pathway
- GIT-B-011 - Carbohydrate metabolism/ Ethanol metabolismLearning objectivesOutline the reactions involved in ethanol metabolism.Explain how ethanol consumption causes hypoglycemia and fatty liver.
- GIT-B-012 - Respiratory chain & oxidative phosphorylation /ETCLearning objectivesDiagrammatically illustrate the organization of electron transport chain (ETC) depicting the flow of electrons Enlist the components of complex I, II, III, and IV Enumerate clinically important inhibitors of electron transport chain and mention their site of action.
- GIT-B-013 - Respiratory chain & oxidative phosphorylation /ATP synthesisLearning objectivesElaborate the structure of ATP synthase (complex V).Explain how the free energy generated by the transport of electrons by ETC is used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi (i.e. chemiosmotic hypothesis) Elaborate the effect of oligomycin and uncouplers on ATP production.Describe the effect of arsenic poisoning on carbohydrate metabolism and ATP production.Elaborate the glycerol 3-P shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle for the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytosol into the mitochondria.
- GIT-B-014 - Nutrition/ Balanced dietLearning objectivesDefine and classify nutrients into macro and micronutrients.Elaborate the concept and importance of Balanced Diet Enlist the components of balanced diet and elaborate the importance of each component.
- GIT-B-015 - Nutrition/ Special nutritional requirementsLearning objectivesDelineate special nutritional requirements during pregnancy, lactation, growth, and old age.Suggest dietary advice for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, renal disease, lactose intolerance, gluten enteropathy, hypercholesterolemia, and hemorrhoids.
- GIT-B-016 - Nutrition/ PEMLearning objectivesEnlist causes and types of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM).Differentiate between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus based on the given data Enlist symptoms and signsOutline treatment strategies
- GIT-B-017 - Nutrition/ Caloric requirementsLearning objectivesDefine energy balance.Compare the energy content of macro nutrients and alcohol.Suggest a simple method for estimation of caloric requirements of sedentary adults, moderately active adults, and very active adults
- GIT-B-018 - Nutrition/ BMRLearning objectivesDefine basal metabolic rate (BMR) Elaborate the effect of various physiological and pathological factors on BMR.
- GIT-B-019 - Nutrition/ BMI & ObesityLearning objectivesDefine body mass index (BMI).Categorize individuals into underweight, normal, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese based on theirs BMI values.Elaborate the role of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors in determining body weight.Clearly differentiate between upper body obesity and lower body obesity.Enlist health risks associated with obesity.
- GIT-B-020 - MalnutritionLearning objectivesDefine Marasmus and KwashiorkorDefine MalnutritionIdentify various causes of malnutritionIdentify the risk factors of malnutritionOutline treatment strategies
- GIT-B-021 - Estimations of blood/urine analytesLearning objectivesEstimate blood glucose level by glucose oxidase method and interpret the results Determine blood glucose level by glucometer and interpret the result.Interpret the graphs related to GCT and GTT Determine urine glucose by dipstick method and by chemical method and interpret the result.Estimate serum amylase and interpret the result.
- GIT-B-022 - Interpretation of resultsLearning objectivesCalculate BMI of given subject and interpret the results.
Community Medicine & Public Health (GIT-CM-001 to GIT-CM-003)3 listed topics
- GIT-CM-001 - Preventive Medicine in Geriatrics Epidemiology of communicable diseases (Intestinal infection)Learning objectivesIdentify causes and risk factors for malnutrition in elderlyOutline treatment strategiesDescribe prevention and control of polio, viral hepatitis A, cholera, typhoid and food poisoningDescribe prevention and control of amoebiasis, ascariasis, hook worm infestation
- GIT-CM-002 - Preventive medicine in pediatricsLearning objectivesDescribe the advice to be given for breast feeding, weaning and childhoodDiscuss risk factors, prevention and management of protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
- GIT-CM-003 - Nutrition & HealthLearning objectivesDescribe balanced diet for adult and obesity Plot and interpret growth chart for children under 5 years of ageDescribe prevention and control of deficiency of Vitamin A and D
Pharmacology & Therapeutics (GIT-Ph-001 to GIT-Ph-002)2 listed topics
- GIT-Ph-001 - Anti Diarrheal DrugsLearning objectivesClassify anti diarrheal drugs and describe the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, uses and adverse effects
- GIT-Ph-002 - ORSLearning objectivesPreparation and calculation of oral rehydration salt (ORS)
Pathology (GIT-Pa-001 to GIT-Pa-004)3 listed topics
- GIT-Pa-001, GIT-Pa-004 - GastritisLearning objectivesGIT-Pa-001 Define gastritis.Enlist the types of gastritisDescribe the morphological features of gastritis.Describe salient features of acute & chronic gastritisGIT-Pa-004 Identify microscopic features of: Acute and Chronic Gastritis H.Pylori Induced Gastritis
- GIT-Pa-002 - Peptic UlcerLearning objectivesDescribe the salient features (etiology, pathogenesis and morphology) of peptic ulcer diseaseDiscuss the role of H.Pylori in causing peptic ulcer disease
- GIT-Pa-003 - Infectious agents causing DiarrheaLearning objectivesEnumerate common infectious agents of diarrheal diseasesDiscuss pathogenesis and clinical features of common pathogens
Behavioural Sciences (GIT-BhS-001 to GIT-BhS-005)5 listed topics
- GIT-BhS-001 - Health related behaviorsLearning objectivesIdentify health related behaviors and apply principles of learning to modify eating and addictive patterns
- GIT-BhS-002 - Health related believesLearning objectivesDiscuss health belief model and its application in managing common presentations related to gastro-intestinal systemExplain the transtheoretical model of changing behaviors to modify the diseases pattern
- GIT-BhS-003 - Management of ObesityLearning objectivesDescribe motivational interviewing and outline a management plan to help the individuals with obesity and diabetes to lose weight
- GIT-BhS-004 - Medically Un described SymptomsLearning objectivesDescribe and distinguish Medically Un described Symptoms (MUS)Describe the association of psychosocial factors with MUS Outline the principles of management plan according to biopsychosocial modelDescribe role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- GIT-BhS-005 - Role of nutritional deficiencies in mental developmentLearning objectivesTo identify effect on mental development of nutritional deficiencies