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Y2B4M7 - Renal-I
Expand a subject to review its coded learning outcomes from the official UHS Year-2 curriculum.
10Subjects
69Topics
51Linked
Embryology (R-A-009)1 listed topic
- R-A-009 - Development of urinary systemLearning objectivesDescribe development of intermediate mesoderm and its derivativesDescribe the development of pronephros, mesonephros and metanephrosDescribe positional changes during descent of kidney with correlation to its blood supplyDescribe the molecular regulation of kidney development.Describe the development of urinary bladder and urethraList and describe the common congenital anomalies of kidney, urinary bladder and urethra.
Histology (R-A-010 to R-A-017)8 listed topics
- R-A-010 - Structure of kidney Learning objectivesDescribe the histological, structural organization and functions of kidney with clinicals.
- R-A-011 - Juxtaglomerular apparatus Learning objectivesDescribe the light and ultrastructure of Juxtaglomerular apparatus and glomerular filtration barrier
- R-A-012 - Structure of ureter Learning objectivesDescribe the histological structure of ureter
- R-A-013 - Structure of urinary bladder Learning objectivesDescribe the histological structure of urinary bladderDiscuss clinical correlates (Cystitis, Urinary bladder cancer, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs))
- R-A-014 - Kidney Learning objectivesIdentify and draw and label the histological structure of kidney and enumerate points of identification
- R-A-015 - Ureter Learning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological structure of ureter and enumerate its points of identification
- R-A-016 - Urinary bladder Learning objectivesIdentify, draw and label the histological structure of urinary bladder and enumerate its points of identification
- R-A-017 - Action, Classification and effects of diuretics Learning objectivesDiagram showing site of action of diuretics, classification of diuretics, table showing the effect of various diuretics on urinary electrolytes and ph.
Gross Anatomy (R-A-001 to R-A-008)8 listed topics
- R-A-001 - Posterior Abdomen WallLearning objectivesDescribe the fascia of posterior abdominal wall with its clinical significance-Psoas Fascia & Tuberculosis.Describe the posterior abdominal wall muscles, arteries (abdominal aorta), veins (inferior vena cava), lymphatics, & clinical correlates.
- R-A-002 - KidneyLearning objectivesDescribe gross features and facial coverings of kidneys.Compare and contrast the relations of right and left kidneys.Describe blood supply, lymphatics and nerve supply of kidneyDiscuss the clinical aspects of kidneysDemonstrate the surface marking and radiographic anatomy of kidney.Identify the side of kidney
- R-A-003 - UreterLearning objectivesCompare and contrast the relations of right and left ureter Give the constrictions of ureterDescribe the blood supply nerve supply and lymphatics of ureterIdentify the ureter.
- R-A-004 - Urinary bladderLearning objectivesDescribe the gross anatomical features, relations, surfaces, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatics of urinary bladder Give the clinical corelates of urinary bladderIdentify the gross features and surfaces of urinary bladder
- R-A-005 - Sign/symptom/in vestigationsLearning objectivesInterpret basic urological signs/symptoms & investigations.
- R-A-006 - Urinary retentionLearning objectivesDescribe the etiology, and management of urinary retention.
- R-A-007 - radiographLearning objectivesIdentify and describe the various anatomic landmarks of the renal system on radiographs.
- R-A-008 - UrethraLearning objectivesDescribe the parts of urethra.
Physiology (R-P-001 to R-P-028)28 listed topics
- R-P-001 - Physiological anatomy of kedneysLearning objectivesExplain the general organization of the kidney and urinary tractExplain the physiological anatomy of the nephron
- R-P-002 - Renal Blood SupplyLearning objectivesExplain the renal blood supply
- R-P-003 - Body fluid compartment Learning objectivesDescribe major composition of intracellular and extracellular fluidsDefine Hypo and hypernatremiaExplain the causes of hypo & hypernatremia and their effects on Composition of body fluid compartmentsDescribe difference between iso-osmotic, hyper- osmotic, hypo-osmotic fluids Enlist the methods to measure body fluids volumes.
- R-P-004 - Edema Learning objectivesEnumerate causes of Intracellular and extracellular edemaDescribe safety factors that prevent edema
- R-P-005 - Function Learning objectivesExplain the functions of the kidney
- R-P-006 - Micturition reflex Learning objectivesDescribe the mechanism of micturition and its controlExplain the role of higher center on micturitionExplain the physiological anatomy and innervation of bladderDiscuss the voluntary control of micturition
- R-P-007 - Abnormalities of micturition Learning objectivesExplain the causes, pathophysiology, and features of atonic bladder.Discuss the causes, pathophysiology, and features of automatic bladder.Write the causes, pathophysiology, and features of uninhibited neurogenic bladder
- R-P-008 - Urine formation Learning objectivesEnlist the steps of urine formationExplain the physiological anatomy and functions of glomerular capillary membraneDiscuss the composition of filtrateExplain the minimal change nephropathy and increase permeability to plasma protein
- R-P-009 - Glomerular filtrationLearning objectivesDefine Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).Describe the determinants of GFR Explain the factors affecting GFR Discuss the hormones and autocoids that affect GFR Explain mechanisms of autoregulation of GFR Enlist the physiological and pathological factors that decrease GFR Explain the effects of angiotensin II blocker on GFR during renal hypoperfusion
- R-P-010 - ReabsorptionLearning objectivesEnumerate different types of transport along the kidney tubules for reabsorptionExplain the reabsorption and secretion along different parts of the NephronExplain the regulation of tubular reabsorptionDiscuss the forces / pressure and hormones that determine renal tubular reabsorptionExplain the reabsorption of water along different parts of nephronDefine obligatory and facultative reabsorptionDiscuss the characteristics of late distal tubules and cortical collecting ductsDiscuss the characteristics of medullary collecting ducts
- R-P-011 - Clearance method Learning objectivesExplain the use of clearance method to quantify kidney function
- R-P-012 - Transport maximumLearning objectivesDescribe mechanism of re-absorption of sodium along different parts nephronsDefine and explain the term Transport maximum for the substancesDefine filtered load for the substance Justify the difference of transport maximum and renal threshold of glucose in renal tubules
- R-P-013 - Urine concentration and dilutionLearning objectivesExplain the renal mechanisms for excreting Dilute urineExplain the mechanism for forming a concentrated urineDiscuss the role of urea in the process of counter current multiplier mechanismDescribe the countercurrent exchange in vasa Recta to preserve hyperosmolarity of renal medulla
- R-P-014 - Obligatory urine volume Learning objectivesDefine and explain the term obligatory urine volume.Define and explain free water clearance.Define Urine specific gravity.
- R-P-015 - Disorders of urine concentrating ability Learning objectivesEnumerate different abnormalities of urinary concentrating ability
- R-P-016 - Diabetes insipidus Learning objectivesEnumerate the types of Diabetes insipidus Enlist the features of diabetes insipidusExplain the pathophysiology and treatment of central diabetes insipidusDiscuss the pathophysiology of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- R-P-017 - Osmoreceptor- ADH Feedback System Learning objectivesMake the flow chart to show the Osmoreceptor- antidiuretic hormone (ADH) feedback mechanism for regulating extracellular fluid osmolarity in response to a water deficit.Enlist the factors which increase and decrease the release of ADH
- R-P-018 - Explain the mechanism of thirst Learning objectivesExplain the mechanism of thirst
- R-P-019 - Renal regulation of potassium Learning objectivesEnumerate the factors that can alter potassium distribution between intracellular and extracellular fluidsDiscuss the process of secretion of potassium by renal tubulesExplain the regulation of internal potassium distribution and potassium secretion
- R-P-020 - Control of ECF osmolarityLearning objectivesExplain the control of extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration
- R-P-021 - Control of ECF Learning objectivesExplain the integration of renal mechanism for control of Extracellular Fluid (ECF)Explain the importance of pressure natriuresis and diuresis in maintaining body sodium and fluid balance
- R-P-022 - Renal regulation of calcium Renal regulation of phosphate Learning objectivesExplain the renal handling of calcium concentration to regulate plasma calcium concentrationEnumerate the factors that alter renal calcium Enlist the factors that alter renal phosphate excretion
- R-P-023 - Renal body fluid feedback control Learning objectivesExplain the nervous and hormonal factors that increase the effectiveness of renal body fluid feedback control
- R-P-024 - ECF and blood volumeLearning objectivesExplain the conditions that cause large increase in blood volume and ECF volumeExplain the conditions that cause large increase ECF volume but with normal blood volume
- R-P-025 - Acid base balance Learning objectivesExplain the renal handling of H+ ion.
- R-P-026 - Acid base disturbance Learning objectivesAnalyze the acid base disturbances on the basis of pH, HCO3 and CO2 Explain the causes and compensation of metabolic acidosisExplain the causes and compensation of metabolic alkalosisExplain the causes and compensation of respiratory acidosisExplain the causes and compensation of respiratory alkalosisExplain the causes and compensation of mixed acid base disorder
- R-P-027 - Anion gap Learning objectivesDefine and explain anion gap
- R-P-028 - Interpretation of reportLearning objectivesPerform a complete examination of the urine sample URS-10 (using urine reagent-10) and interpret its report Determine the specific gravity of urine
Biochemistry (R-B-001 to R-B-011)11 listed topics
- R-B-001 - Purine metabolismLearning objectivesDiscuss the synthesis and degradation of purines (De-Novo and salvage pathway)
- R-B-002 - Pyrimidine metabolismLearning objectivesDiscuss the synthesis and degradation of pyrimidine (De-Novo and salvage pathway)
- R-B-003 - Nucleotide metabolismLearning objectivesOutline the sequence of reactions that converts IMP to AMP and GMP and to their corresponding triphosphates
- R-B-004 - Regulation of purine and pyrimidineLearning objectivesDiscuss the regulation of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and degradation
- R-B-005 - Purine metabolism disordersLearning objectivesInterpret the Lesh-Nhyan syndrome.Gout, SCID/ADA on basis of sign symptoms and data
- R-B-006 - Pyrimidine metabolism disordersLearning objectivesInterpret Orotic aciduria in relevance to nucleotides and ureaDifferentiate between CPS I and II
- R-B-007 - Analogues of nucleotidesLearning objectivesInterpret the role of synthetic analogues of nucleotides in medicine based on sign/symptoms and data e.g Methotrexate, 5 Flurouracil and Allupurinol.Interpret the role of PABA analogs and mycophenolic acid in purine biosynthesis
- R-B-008 - Role of Ribonucleotide reductaseLearning objectivesDiscuss the role of Ribonucleotide reductase in Nucleotide metabolism (hydroxyurea)
- R-B-009 - Acid Base balance imbalance/ Types of acid base disorders Learning objectivesDefine acidosis and alkalosis.Classify acid base disorders.Enlist causes of metabolic acidosis and give its compensation.Enlist causes of respiratory acidosis and give its compensation.Enlist causes of metabolic alkalosis and give its compensation.Enlist causes of respiratory alkalosis and give its compensation.
- R-B-010 - Acid Base balance imbalance/ Tetany in alkalosis Learning objectivesInterpret disorders metabolic and respiratory disorders of acid base balance on basis of sign, symptoms and arterial blood gas (ABG) findings Give biochemical explanation for tetany associated with alkalosis
- R-B-011 - Interpretation of resultsLearning objectivesEstimate blood urea, creatinine & creatinine clearance and interpret the results.Determination of proteins in urine by dipstick method and by chemical methods and interpret your results.Estimate serum uric acid by kit method
Pharmacology & Therapeutics (R-Ph-001 to R-Ph-002)1 listed topic
- R-Ph-001, R-Ph-002 - Diuretics Learning objectivesR-Ph-001 Classify diureticsDescribe carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.MOA, clinical uses, and adverse effectsDescribe Thiazide & loop diuretics their Mechanism of Action, clinical uses, and adverse effects.Describe Potassium sparing and osmotic diuretics their mechanism of action, clinical uses, and adverse effects.R-Ph-002 Label the diagram showing the site of action of diuretics along with examples Tabulate the effects of various diuretics on urinary electrolytes and pH
Pathology (R-Pa-001 to R-Pa-009)8 listed topics
- R-Pa-001 - Renal StonesLearning objectivesDiscuss the etiology and pathogenesis of different types of stones.
- R-Pa-002 - HydronephrosisLearning objectivesIdentify the causes, morphological aspect & outcome of hydronephrosis.
- R-Pa-003, R-Pa-009 - PyelonephritisLearning objectivesR-Pa-003 Define pyelonephritis and enumerate its types.Describe the morphological features of acute and chronic pyelonephritisR-Pa-009 Identify morphological features of acute pyelonephritisIdentify morphological features of Chronic pyelonephritis
- R-Pa-004 - CystitisLearning objectivesDefine acute and chronic cystitis.Describe morphological features of different type of cystitis.
- R-Pa-005 - UTI causative agentsLearning objectivesEnlist common causative agents of urinary tract infections and describe pathogenesis and clinical features of common causative agents of UTI.
- R-Pa-006 - Glomerulonephri tisLearning objectivesDefine various presentations of glomerulonephritis e.g asymptomatic proteinuria or hematuria detected during routine testing, nephrotic syndrome, acute nephritic syndrome, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN).Define nephrotic and nephritic syndrome.
- R-Pa-007 - Acute Kidney Injury Learning objectivesDefine AKI (acute kidney injury)Identify various risk factors and causes for AKI.Outline management strategies.
- R-Pa-008 - Urinary tract infectionLearning objectivesDefine UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)Identify various risk factors and causes of UTI.Describe signs and symptoms of UTI.Outline management strategies.
Community Medicine & Public Health (R-CM-001 to R-CM-001)1 listed topic
- R-CM-001 - Quality of lifeLearning objectivesDiscuss the significance of quality of life in disease and treatment settings.Measures of health status.Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) and Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) Life expectancy.
Behavioural Sciences (R-BhS-001 to R-BhS-001)1 listed topic
- R-BhS-001 - Dementia, uremic encephalopathy, delusion, muscle paralysis & Societal impactLearning objectivesTo identify the behavioral abnormalities caused by renal function.To identify the cognitive abnormality.To identify the dangers for the patient, his family, and society.
Ageing and Life Cycle (R-Ag-001 to R-Ag-002)2 listed topics
- R-Ag-001 - Disease preventionLearning objectivesTo define preventive care in diseases related to urinary system(adults).Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
- R-Ag-002 - Urinary incontinenceLearning objectivesDefine urinary incontinence.Outline management strategies.